Visual Culture is a field of study within cultural studies focusing on aspects of culture that rely on visual images and their ability to communicate ideas quickly and effectively. Visual culture often overlaps with film or television studies and may include the study of video games, comics, traditional artistic media, advertising, the Internet, and other media that employ crucial visual components.
In defining visual culture we can move from the narrow/specific to the more broad/general.
Narrow/Specific Definition
Visual culture is the tactic with which to study the genealogy, definition, and functions of postmodern everyday life from the point of view of the consumer, rather than the producer.
Middle Definition
A fluid interpretative structure for understanding response to visual media of both individuals and groups.
Broad/General Definition
Visual culture is concerned with visual events in which information, meaning, or pleasure is sought by the consumer in an interface with visual technology (any form or apparatus designed to be looked at or enhance natural vision: oil painting to television to Internet).
Basis for Visual Culture
Visual culture is important because it provides the context for so much of our daily lives. This stems from two factors
- The remarkable human ability to absorb and interpret the ever increasing bombardment of visual information
- Growing tendency to visualize things that are not in themselves visual, or cannot be seen
Back to Top With growing attention on the power of visual images to communicate ideas quickly and effectively, there is much in our current cultural context that can be considered "visual." This course will focus on comics art, a visual communciation medium combining text and images through a long history of varied applications. One application in particular, graphic novels, is interesting for three reasons.
First, as a visual form featuring juxtaposed images and text, graphic novels promote the telling of all kinds of stories, from historical accounts to poignant memoirs, from biography to autobiography, from journalism to fantasy and science fiction, from humor to musings on modern life.
Second, these juxtaposed words and images invite readers to dwell, to reflect, and to meditate inside a communication space where the pace and tone of interaction with the medium are pliant and controlled by the reader/interactor. This intrinsically increased sensory relation to narrative components provides a level of intimacy with a medium unmatched by cinema, television, theater, audio recording, or prose-only text.
Third, through graphic novels some readers are exposed to some of the most beautiful and compelling visual rhetoric being produced by present-day illustrators, the kind of transformative, mind-changing epiphanial experience provided by great novels and books, and perhaps their only literary experience.
Such utlizations of graphic novels as an accessible and vernacular literary medium seems an appropriate and significant focus for a class exploring visual culture.
Reading several graphic novels, some theory about comic arts, and then talking about these readings and the concepts they inform. As always, look for various in-class assignments, and assigned projects (including a substantial Capstone Project) demonstrating your engagement and ability to work creatively with ideas explored in this course.
Back to Top
- Busiek, Kurt and Stuart Immonen. Superman: Secret Identity. DC Comics.
ISBN 1-4012-0451-1 - McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. HarperPerennial, 1994.
ISBN 0-06-097625-X
The subtitle reads, "The invisible art," and McCloud makes it extremely visible. Good discussion of how comics work, with many examples. The entire book is presented as a comic.
More information online at Scott McCloud.com - McCloud, Scott. Zot!
Reunites the cast of McCloud's 1980s superhero series and explores the dynamics of online comics.
Read online at Zot! Online: Hearts and Minds (2000) - Moore, Alan and Dave Gibbons. Watchmen. DC Comics.
ISBN 0-930289-23-4 - Nakazawa, Keiji. Barefoot Gen. Vol. 1. Last Gasp.
ISBN 0-86719-602-5 - "The Visual Language of Graphic Novels"
New York Times Interactive Feature on Graphic Novels - Smith, L. Neil and Scott Bieser. The Probability Broach. Big Head Press
ISBN 0-9743814-1-1
Also available online <www.bigheadpress.com/tpbtgn?page=0>
Libertarian science fiction. The story of Detective Win Bear who, while investigating the murder of a physicist, is accidentally blown sideways in time—to a world where the air is clean, both poverty and government are practically non-existent, and everybody carries guns!
Back to Top Comics: Collections in WSU Library
Two sets of comics collected by English faculty member Paul Brians, now cataloged and available through the Library's Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections.
- A comprehensive set of underground comix
- A specialized collection of comic books about nuclear war (which relates to the collection of nuclear war fiction also found in the library)
Click on "Brians, Paul Comics Collection, 1950-2004"
Or, go directly to the collection HERE
Comics: Additional Good Reads
- Allred, Mike. Red Rocket 7. Dark Horse
ISBN 1-56971-351-0 - Apocamon. Electric Sheep Commix.
Read online at Apocamon
The Book of Revelation reinterpreted as manga - McCloud, Scott. Porphyria's Lover.
McCloud's first online comic. An adaptation of the 1834 poem by Robert Browning.
Read online at Porphyria's Lover - The Spiders. Electric Sheep Commix.
Read online at The Spiders
An alternative history of the US/Afganistan War
Comics: General
- Eisner, Will. Comics and Sequential Art.
- Fieffer, Jules. The Great Comic Book Heroes.
A semi-psychological and autobiographical examination of the medium from its earliest days. - Jones, Gerard. Men of Tomorrow: Geek, Gansters, and the Birth of the Comic Book.
Examines the history of creators, publishers, and more of comics - Kunzle, David. The Early Comic Strip. University of California Press, 1973.
2 volumes. Historical background for early comic strips, picture stories, and narratives strips in European broadsheets. Presents the art of comics to a non-academic audience well. - McCloud, Scott. Reinventing Comics. Paradox Press, 2000.
ISBN 6194122097
As the subtitle says, "How imagination and technology are revolutionizing an art form." More information online at Scott McCloud.com - Sabin, Roger. Comics, Comix, and Graphic Novels: A History of Comic Art.
- Vanum, Robin. The Language of Comics: Word and Image.
- Wright, Bradford. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
Comics: Graphic or Visual Narrative/Language
- Brunetti, Ivan, editor. An Anthology of Graphic Fiction, Cartoons and True Stories. Yale University Press.
Brilliantly edited by cartoonist Brunetti, the book features everyone who is anyone in the post-underground world of comics for adults, including up-to-the minute new work. With both full color and black and white stories, the Anthology has something for every level of interest, but makes for a particularly fine introductory book to the many possibilities of the medium. - Cohn, Neil. What Is Visual Language?
A website maintained by Cohn, graduate student in pyschology at Tufts University, features his research on the cognitive and linguistic processes behind comics and how sequential images can become, literally, a language, just like words in a sequence. - Eisner, Will. Graphic Storytelling.
- Vanum, Robin. The Language of Comics: Word and Image.
Graphic Novels
- Gravett, Paul. Graphic Novels: Everything You Need to Know. New York: HaperCollins, 2005.
ISBN 0-06-082425-5
As the subtitle says: "Everything You Need to Know." - Preiss, Bryon and Howard Zimmerman, eds. The Year's Best Graphic Novels, Comics, and Manga. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2005.
ISBN 0-312-34326-4
A collection of the best this year. Good introductory reader for those just getting started. - Rollins, Prentis. The Making of a Graphic Novel. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 2006.
Printed as a flip book with an original science fiction graphic novel, The Resonator. - Rothschile, D. Alviva. Graphic Novels: A Bibliographic Guide to Book-Length Comics. Libraries Unlimited, 1995.
ISBN: 978-1563080869 - Weiner, Stephen. The Rise of the Graphic Novel. New York: Nantier, Beal, Minoustchine, 2003.
ISBN 1-5613-368-2
The author, a librarian, selects graphic novels over a broad range of genres. Provides biographies and bibliographies. - Weiner, Stephen. The 101 Best Graphic Novels. New York: Nantier, Beal, Minoustchine, 2001.
Visual Culture
- Mirzoeff, Nicholas. An Introduction to Visual Culture. London: Routledge, 1999.
ISBN 0-415-15876-1
An introduction to the interdisciplinary field of visual culture. Traces the history and theory of visual culture from painting to the World Wide Web. Suggests that our primary way of understanding the world is visual, not textual. - Sturken, Marita and Lisa Cartwright. Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
ISBN-10: 0198742711
ISBN-13: 978-0198742715
Visual Display of Information
- Tufte, Edward R. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CN: Graphics Press, 1983.
- —. Envisioning Information. Cheshire, CN: 1990.
- —. Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities. Chesire, CN: Graphics Press, 1997.
Women Cartoonists
- Robbins, Trina. The Great Women Cartoonists. Watson-Guptill Productions, 2001.
- Robbins, Trina and Catherine Yronwode. Women and Comics. Fosterville, CA: Eclipse Books, 1985.
- ***?***. A Century of Women Cartoonists. Northampton, MA: Kitchen Sink Press, 1993.
Online
- Big Head Press
Read great online comics- Smith, L. Neil and Scott Bieser. Roswell, Texas. Big Head Press.
Read online at Roswell, Texas
Imagine a world in which Texas never joined the United States, Nazi Germany conquered England but was held in check by a nuclear-armed Irish Republican Army, the Catholic Church has moved its headquarters to Brownsville, Texas, and Mexico is ruled by a neo-Aztec emperor in partnership with French colonial bureaucrats-in-exile. Co-written by L. Neil Smith and Rex F. May, and illustrated by Scott Bieser, Roswell, Texas, is the story of what happens when a special team of Texas Rangers races an array of spies, troops, and operatives of neighboring nations to a UFO crash site, and discover a truth even stranger than any of them could have imagined. - Tantimedh, Adi and Hugo Petrus. La Muse. Big Head Press.
Read online at La Muse
The story of two sisters: Susan and Libby La Muse. Susan is a sexy, fun-loving political activist for the environment, human rights and an end to poverty. She is also an alien. When her extraordinary abilities are accidentally caught on video, she suddenly finds herself the biggest celebrity in the world. Her straight-laced sister Libby is desperate to keep the world from finding out they're aliens, and becomes her agent to keep her wild hedonistic ways under control. But Susan has other ideas . . . - The Hook
When music is outlawed, musicians will learn to kick ass. Science fiction rocks. - The Probability Broach
The promise of libertarianism for a more peaceful, prosperous world. Includes talking gorillas, parallel worlds, and lots of action.
- Smith, L. Neil and Scott Bieser. Roswell, Texas. Big Head Press.
- Electric Sheep Commix
- The Spiders
An alternative history of the US-Afganistan War - Apocamon
The Book of Revelation reinterpreted as manga
- The Spiders
- Breakfast of the Gods
A three-part webcomic epic by Brendon Douglas Jones featuring some very familiar faces from your breakfast table. - ImageTexT
A web-based journal committed to advancing the academic study of comic books, comic strips, and animated cartoons (www.english.ufl.edu/imagetext/) - Comic Strip Creator
Emphasis on structured dialog rather than free form image composition; two characters per panel maximum; Encourages blocking out dialog within constraints of context. - Comic Strip Generator
Library of character and object icons; Users arrange dialog with ease; Suggested uses: reproduction of movie scenes, illustrating song lyrics.
Communication
- Dr. John's Eazy-Peazy Guides
- Creative Ideas
A series of "Idea Engines" to help spark creative, imaginative writing ideas, especially in your fiction or poetry writing contexts. - Effective Writing
Ideas to help you improve the effectiveness, and power, of your writing. - Public Speaking
Techniques to help you improve your public speaking skills. - Research Skills
Techniques to help you improve your abilities to identify and locate information regarding topics of personal or professional interest.
- Creative Ideas
- Strong Bad, "The English Paper"
I do not recommend all the strategies suggested by Strong Bad, but, still, he makes some good points about effective communication.
Music Video
- Austerlitz, Saul. Money for Nothing: A History of the Music Video from the Beatles to the White Stripes. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group, 2007.
- Goodwin, Andrew. Dancing in the Distraction Factory: Music Television and Popular Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.
- Taylor, Leonie, ed. Reinventing Music Video: Next-Generation Directors, their Inspiration and Work.